STUXNET and The Changing Face of Cyberwarfare (Page 347)

1. Is cyberwarfare a serious problem? Why or why not?

• Cyberwarfare is certainly a significant issue that ought to be tended to. With innovation that being used worldwide to control the rockets and fighting, having a digital danger is as genuine as or considerably more genuine than having a physical risk. Cyberwarfare can likewise go about as an impetus and prompt a full scale strike of dread on different nations. The most unmistakable dangers so far include: 

• Stuxnet wiped out around one-fifth of Iran's atomic axes by making them turn at too high a speed. The harm was gigantic and unsalvageable; it was accepted to have a deferred Iran's capacity to make atomic arms by as much as five years. 

• Fruitful assaults on the FAA carrier framework, incorporating one out of 2006 that halfway close down air activity information frameworks in Alaska. 

• Gatecrashers effectively infiltrated the Pentagon's $300 billion Joint Strike Fighter task and stole a few terabytes of information identified with plan and gadgets frameworks. 

• Cyberspies invaded the U.S. electrical matrix in April 2009 and left behind programming programs whose object is indistinct.

2. Assess the management, organization, and technology factors that have created this problem.

Management: 
From an management angle, there is no expansion center around guaranteeing that approaches are set up to keep cyberwarfare assaults from happening in an association up to this point. An expanded concentration is basic to be set up to keep this. The clients of focused frameworks are still excessively imprudent about security and don't do what's necessary to ensure their frameworks while the cybercriminals has no deficiency these days as the innovation is getting increasingly progress. 

Organization: 
The organization is left helpless and potential physical damage to clients and specialists turns into a social issue that must be tended to by the association. For occurrences, U.S. has no reasonable strategy about how the nation would react to a cataclysmic level of digital assault. Despite the fact that the U.S. Congress is thinking about enactment to toughen digital security measures, the models are as yet inadequate to shield against assaults. 

Technology: 
The headway of technology these days and continually being promptly accessible to the general population has made cyberwarfare more prone to happen. Innovation has brought the major issue of digital assault and the progression of innovation will just exacerbating things later on if security isn't being done well.

3. What makes Stuxnet different from other cyberwarfare attacks? How serious a threat is this technology?

Most of the cyberwarfare attacks are only attempting to steal information and espionage, Stuxnet is even capable to infect the very well-secured computer systems that follow industry best practices making it nearly impossible to defend. Stuxnet’s mission was to activate only computers that ran Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition. One part was designed to lay dormant for long periods, then speed up Iran’s nuclear centrifuges so that they spun wildly out of control. Another secretly recorded what normal operations at the nuclear plant looked like and then played those recordings back to plant operators so it would  appear that the centrifuges were operating normally when they were actually tearing themselves apart. With this type of cyberwarfare attack, an entire country could be destroyed and without recognition, from inside out.

4. What solutions have been proposed for this problem? Do you think they will be effective? Why or why not?

The solutions have been proposed for this problem stated below:

• Congress is considering legislation that would require all critical infrastructure companies to meet newer, tougher cybersecurity standards. As cyberwarfare technologies develop and become more advanced, the standards imposed by this legislation will likely be insufficient to defend against attacks.

• Many security experts believe that U.S. cyber security is not well-organized. Several different agencies, including the Pentagon and the National Security Agency (NSA), have their sights on being the leading agency in the on-going efforts to combat cyberwarfare. The first headquarters designed to coordinate government cyber security efforts, called Cybercom, was activated in May 2010 in the hope of resolving this organizational tangle. It will coordinate the operation and protection of military and Pentagon computer networks. It will coordinate efforts to restrict access to government computers and protect systems that run the stock exchanges, clear global banking transactions, and manage the air traffic control system. Its ultimate goal will be to prevent catastrophic cyber-attacks against the U.S. Some insiders suggest that it might not be able to effectively organize the governmental agencies without direct access to the President, which it currently lacks.